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| 1 | Clinical characteristics and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison of Eastern and Western perspectives显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammatory disorder with unidentified causes. Both environmental factors and genetic aspects are believed to be crucial to the pathogenesis of IBD. The incidence and prevalence of IBD have recently been increasing throughout Asia, presumably secondary to environmental changes. This increasing trend in IBD epidemiology necessitates specific health care planning and education in Asia. To this end, we must gain a precise understanding of the distinctive clinical and therapeutic characteristics of Asian patients with IBD. The phenotypes of IBD reportedly differ considerably between Asians and Caucasians. Thus, use of the same management strategies for these different populations may not be appropriate. Moreover, investigation of the Asian-specific clinical aspects of IBD offers the possibility of identifying causative factors in the pathogenesis of IBD in this geographical area. Accordingly, this review summarizes current knowledge of the phenotypic manifestations and management practices of patients with IBD, with a special focus on a comparisonof Eastern and Western perspectives. | Soo Jung Park Won Ho Kim Jae Hee Cheon | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 15 |
| 2 | Influence of environmental factors in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC), are multifactorial diseases that are manifested after disruption of a genetic predisposed individual and its intestinal microflora through an environmental stimulus. Urbanization and industrialization are associated with IBD. Epidemiological data, clinical observations and family/immigrants studies indicate the significance of environmental influence in the development of IBD. Some environmental factors have a different effect on the subtypes of IBD. Smoking and appendectomy is negatively associated with UC, but they are aggravating factors for CD. A westernized high fat diet, full of refined carbohydrates is strongly associated with the development of IBD, contrary to a high in fruit, vegetables and polyunsaturated fatty acid-3 diet that is protective against these diseases. High intake of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and oral contraceptive pills as well as the inadequacy of vitamin D leads to an increased risk for IBD and a more malignant course of disease. Moreover, other factors such as air pollution, psychological factors, sleep disturbances and exercise influence the development and the course of IBD. Epigenetic mechanism like DNA methylation, histone modification and altered expression of miR NAS could explain the connection between genes and environmental factors in triggering the development of IBD. | Evangelia Legaki Maria Gazouli | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2016，7，1： | 15 |
| 3 | Ulcerative colitis in smokers,non-smokers and ex-smokers显示文摘Smoking is a major environmental factor that interferes in the establishment and clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC). Firstly, the risk of smoking status impact in the development of UC is reviewed, showing that current smoking has a protective association with UC. Similarly, being a former smoker is associated with an increased risk of UC. The concept that smoking could have a role in determining the inflammatory bowel disease phenotype is also discussed. Gender may also be considered, as current smoking delays disease onset in men but not in women. No clear conclusions can be driven from the studies trying to clarify whether childhood passive smoking or prenatal smoke exposure have an influence on the development of UC, mainly due to methodology flaws. The influence of smoking on disease course is the second aspect analysed. Some studies show a disease course more benign in smokers that in non-smokers, with lower hospitalizations rates, less flare-ups, lower use of oral steroids and even less risk of proximal extension. This is not verified by some other studies. Similarly, the rate of colectomy does not seem to be determined by the smoking status of the patient. The third issue reviewed is the use of nicotine as a therapeutic agent. The place of nicotine in the treatment of UC is unclear, although it could be useful in selected cases, particularly in recent ex-smokers with moderate but refractory attacks of UC. Finally, the effect of smoking cessation in UC patients is summarised. Given that smoking represents a major worldwide cause of death, for inpatients with UC the risks of smoking far outweigh any possible benefit. Thus, physicians should advise, encourage and assist UC patients who smoke to quit. | Guillermo Bastida Belén Beltrán | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，22： | 13 |
| 4 | 药物治疗溃疡性结肠炎进展显示文摘溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种慢性、特发性、发作期与缓解期交替出现的炎症性肠道疾病,在我国UC的发病率和患病率均有逐年增加的趋势。UC通常发生在直肠和远端结肠,但也可能影响整个结肠,且该病可发生于任何年龄,但以15-30岁发病率较高,50~70岁则相对较低。UC主要侵犯结肠黏膜和黏膜下层,表现为炎症和溃疡。已有资料显示各地区的发病率不同,发达地区较为一致,而在亚非、 | 齐海鑫 徐伟祥 | 2011 | 现代中西医结合杂志2011，20，30： | 8 |
| 5 | 吸烟对溃疡性结肠炎发病和免疫功能的影响显示文摘溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是一种病因尚不十分清楚的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,其发病与遗传、环境、免疫等因素密切相关。流行病学资料表明UC在戒烟者和从不吸烟者中更为多见,目前吸烟者UC患病率较低且临床症状较轻。研究显示吸烟可能通过调节T细胞和单核巨噬细胞功能以及Th1/Th2免疫平衡,起到改善UC肠道炎症的作用。本文就吸烟对UC发病以及患者免疫功能的影响作一综述。 | 孙鑫 王承党 | 2015 | 胃肠病学2015，20，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Nature’s marvels endowed in gaseous molecules Ⅰ:Carbon monoxide and its physiological and therapeutic roles显示文摘Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O_(2),CO_(2),CO,NO,H2 S,and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life,from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life ’s physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular functions.In this article,we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of molecules.The past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO’s mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy administration.One remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels,except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide.This review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications. | Xiaoxiao Yang Wen Lu Christopher P.Hopper Bowen Ke Binghe Wang | 2021 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2021，11，6： | 3 |
| 7 | 迷走神经与炎症性肠病显示文摘炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel diseases,IBD)包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病,是广泛影响健康的疾病之一。病理特征是结肠粘膜及粘膜下层存在大量的炎症细胞浸润以及激活CD4辅助T细胞,自主免疫过度激活,导致严重的透膜性炎症,产生大量炎症因子和趋化因子。这被认为是导致神经系统过度兴奋,出现胃肠道功能紊乱的主要因素。其病因目前尚不完全明了,然而各项研究均表明IBD跟遗传因素及生活环境密切相关。该病的消化道慢性炎症由机体免疫失调及肠道菌群共生关系改变所致。与此同时, | 梁鸿 徐伦山 | 2011 | 脑与神经疾病杂志2011，19，4： | 1 |
| 8 | 炎症性肠病的发病及艾灸治疗机制研究进展(英文)显示文摘整理近年来炎症性肠病发病机制以及艾灸治疗炎症性肠病机制研究的相关文献,综述炎症性肠病发病机理的研究现状以及艾灸治疗机制的研究进展,并对进一步研究艾灸治疗炎症性肠病提出若干设想。 | 洪珏 张翠红 马晓芃 | 2012 | Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science2012，10，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Postoperative Crohn’s disease recurrence: A practical approach显示文摘Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that may involve any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Although several drugs have proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining disease in remission, resectional surgery remains as a cornerstone in the management of the disease, mainly for the treatment of its stenosing and penetrating complications. However, the occurrence of new mucosal (endoscopic) lesions in the neoterminal ileum early after surgery is almost constant, it is followed in the mid-term by clinical symptoms and, in a proportion of patients, repeated intestinal resections are required. Pathogenesis of postoperative recurrence (POR) is not fully understood, but luminal factors (commensal microbes, dietary antigens) seem to play an important role, and environmental and genetic factors may also have a relevant influence. Many studies tried to identify clinical predictors for POR with heterogeneous results, and only smoking has repeatedly been associated with a higher risk of POR. Ileocolonoscopy remains as the gold standard for the assessment of appearance and severity of POR, although the real usefulness of the available endoscopic score needs to be revisited and alternative techniques are emerging. Several drugs have been evaluated to prevent POR with limited success. Smoking cessation seems to be one of the more beneficial therapeutic measures. Aminosalicylates have only proved to be of marginal benefit, and they are only used in low-risk patients. Nitroimidazolic antibiotics, although efficient, are associated with a high rate of intolerance and might induce irreversible side effects when used for a long-term. Thiopurines are not widely used after ileocecal resection, maybe because some concerns in giving immunomodulators in asymptomatic patients still remain. In the era of biological agents and genetic testing, a well-established preventive strategy for POR is still lacking, and larger studies to identify good clinical, serological, and genetic predictors of early POR as well as more effective drugs (or drug combinations) are needed. | Pilar Nos Eugeni Domènech | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，36： | 1 |
| 10 | 贵阳地区1999-2008年炎症性肠病分析显示文摘目的:分析贵阳市炎症性肠病(IBD)的临床特征。方法:选择1999年1月~2008年12月收治的IBD患者106例,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)95例,克罗恩病(CD)11例。回顾性记录患者的一般资料、实验室检查、临床表现,比较UC与CD临床资料的差异性。结果:UC住院患者呈上升趋势,CD呈散发;UC及CD患者的平均发病年龄分别为(47.7±16.9)岁、(30.1±14.4)岁(P<0.01);UC及CD吸烟患者分别占20.0%、45.4%,UC患者吸烟时间显著长于CD患者(P<0.01);居住在城镇的UC(80%)患者显著多于CD患者(36.3%),P<0.01;UC及CD发病均主要集中在脑力劳动者(68.4%,72.7%);UC的临床表现以腹泻(80.0%)、体重减轻(38.9%)最为常见,CD以腹痛(90.9%)和贫血(63.6%)最常见;UC住院患者以慢性复发型(62.1%)、中度(60.0%)、直肠乙状结肠炎(33.7%)及活动期(92.7%)最常见,CD以非狭窄非穿通型(54.5%)、结肠型(54.5%)最常见。结论:1999-2008年贵阳市IBD发病呈上升趋势,以UC多见,其临床表现具有地区特征性。 | 刘苓 阮丽 刘娅琳 周力 | 2012 | 贵阳医学院学报2012，37，1： | 0 |
| 11 | Inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease:Overlaps and differences显示文摘Recent findings demonstrate the common genetic basis for many immune-mediated diseases,and consequently,the partially shared pathogenesis.We collected these findings and reviewed the extension of these overlaps to other disease characteristics.Two autoimmune diseases were selected that also share the specific target organ,the bowel.The etiology and immunopathogenesis of both conditions characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and celiac disease(CeD),are not completely understood.Both are complex diseases with genetics and environment contributing to dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses,leading to chronic inflammation and disease.CeD constitutes a particular disease because the main environmental and genetic triggers are largely known.IBD comprises two main clinical forms,Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,which most likely involve a complex interplay between some components of the commensal microbiota and other environmental factors in their origin.These multifactorial diseases encompass a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes and ages of onset,although the clinical presentation often differs depending on childhood or adult onset,with greater heterogeneity commonly observed in adults. | Virginia Pascual Romina Dieli-Crimi Natalia López-Palacios Andrés Bodas Luz María Medrano Concepción Nú?ez | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，17： | 0 |
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