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| 1 | Diabetic nephropathy:Is it time yet for routine kidney biopsy?显示文摘Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is one of the most important long-term complications of diabetes.Patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease have an increased risk of all-cause mortality,cardiovascular mortality,and kidney failure.The clinical diagnosis of DN depends on the detection of microalbuminuria.This usually occurs after the first five years from the onset of diabetes,and predictors of DN development and progression are being studied but are not yet implemented into clinical practice.Diagnostic tests are useful tools to recognize onset,progression and response to therapeutic interventions.Microalbuminuria is an indicator of DN,and it is considered the only noninvasive marker of early onset.However,up to now there is no diagnostic tool that can predict which patients will develop DN before any damage is present.Pathological renal injury is hard to predict only with clinical and laboratory findings.An accurate estimate of damage in DN can only be achieved by the histological analysis of tissue samples.At the present time,renal biopsy is indicated on patients with diabetes under the suspicion of the presence of nephropathies other than DN.Results from renal biopsies in patients with diabetes had made possible the classification of renal biopsies in three major groups associated with different prognostic features:diabetic nephropathy,non-diabetic renal disease(NDRD),and a superimposed non-diabetic condition on underlying diabetic nephropathy.In patients with type 2 diabetes with a higher degree of suspicion for NDRD,it is granted the need of a renal biopsy.It is important to identify and differentiate these pathologies at an early stage in order to prevent progression and potential complications.Therefore,a more extensive use of biopsy is advisable. | Maria L Gonzalez Suarez David B Thomas Laura Barisoni Alessia Fornoni | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，6： | 29 |
| 2 | 晚期糖基化终产物及其受体RAGE在糖尿病血管并发症中的作用机制显示文摘糖尿病血管并发症是糖尿病致死、致残的主要原因,其发病机制尚未完全阐明。目前大量研究表明,晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)及其受体RAGE在糖尿病血管并发症的发生、发展中起重要作用,将成为治疗糖尿病血管病变的一个新靶点。本文重点阐述AGEs-RAGE系统的信号转导机制及其在糖尿病血管病变中的作用,并探讨中药干预AGEs-RAGE系统治疗糖尿病血管病变的现状和发展趋势。 | 乔爱敏 李乐 刘青 | 2014 | 中国临床药理学与治疗学2014，19，11： | 28 |
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