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| 1 | Root Exudates, Rhizosphere Zn Fractions, and Zn Accumulation of Ryegrass at Different Soil Zn Levels显示文摘A glasshouse experiment was conducted using a root-bag technique to study the root exudates, rhizosphere Zn fractions, and Zn concentrations and accumulations of two ryegrass cultivars (Lolium perenne L. cvs. Airs and Tede) at different soil Zn levels (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mmol kg-1 soil). Results indicated that plant growth of the two cultivars was not adversely affected at soil Zn level≤8 mmol kg-1. Plants accumulated more Zn as soil Zn levels increased, and Zn concentrations of shoots were about 540μg g-1 in Aris and 583.9μg g-1 in Tede in response to 16 mmol Zn kg-1 soil. Zn ratios of shoots to roots across the soil Zn levels were higher in Tede than in Airs, corresponding with higher rhizosphere available Zn fractions (exchangeable, bound to manganese oxides, and bound to organic matter) in Airs than in Tede. Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids (oxalic, tartaric, malic, and succinic acids) and amino acids (proline, threonine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, etc.) were detected in root exudates, and the concentrations of LMW organic acids and amino acids increased with addition of 4 mmol Zn kg'1 soil compared with zero Zn addition. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, phenylalanine, leucine, and proline in Tede than in Airs likely resulted in increased Zn uptake from the soil by Tede than by Airs. The results suggested that genotypic differences in Zn accumulations were mainly because of different root exudates and rhizosphere Zn fractions. | XU Wei-Hong LIU Huai MA Qi-Fu XIONG Zhi-Ting | 2007 | Pedosphere2007，17，3： | 21 |
| 2 | Nutrient Limiting Factors in Acidic Vegetable Soils显示文摘Nutrient limiting factors in acidic soils from vegetable fields of the Chongqing suburbs of China were assessed by employing the systematic approach developed by Agro Services International (ASI) including soil testing, nutrient adsorption study, and pot and field experiments to verify the results of soil testing, with a conventional soil test (CST) used for comparison. The ASI method found the moderately acidic soil (W01) to be N and P deficient; the strongly acidic soil (W04) to be N, K and S deficient; and the slightly acidic soil (W09) to be N, K, S, Cu, Mn, and Zn deficient. The CST method showed that W01 had P, B and Cu deficiencies; W04 had N, P and S deficiencies; and W09 had N, P, S, B, Cu, and Zn deficiencies. There were differences between the two methods. Among the two indicator plants selected, the response of sorghum on the three representative acidic soils was more closely related to the ASI results than that of sweet pepper. | YE Xue-Jian Wang Zheng-Yin Tu Shi-Hua G.SULEWSKI | 2006 | Pedosphere2006，16，5： | 14 |
| 3 | 石灰性土壤施用氯化钙对冬小麦生长及钙锌吸收的影响显示文摘【目的】北方石灰性土壤碳酸钙含量、p H高等因素制约了小麦对锌的吸收,但由于交换性钙含量高,这一地区作物钙锌营养及其相互作用的研究一直缺乏。本研究通过冬小麦盆栽试验,研究石灰性土壤上不同氯化钙用量对冬小麦生长及钙锌吸收利用的影响,初步探索冬小麦钙锌的相互作用。【方法】选取西北农林科技大学农作一站麦田耕层0—20 cm的土壤进行冬小麦盆栽试验。设5个处理,在施N 0.3 g/kg、P2O50.2 g/kg、K2O 0.3 g/kg土基础上,以氯化钙为钙肥,设施Ca 0、0.3、0.6、0.9和1.2 g/kg土5个水平,每个处理4次重复,完全随机区组设计。供试品种为小偃22,2010年10月15日播种。在收获期采集小麦地上部,分别测定茎叶、颖壳和籽粒烘干重及其钙、锌的含量,收获后土壤p H、交换性钙及有效锌的含量,并计算冬小麦钙、锌累积量及钙、锌收获指数。试验数据采用Excel软件进行计算处理,DPS软件进行方差分析。【结果】小麦籽粒产量和地上部生物量随氯化钙用量升高而增加,施Ca 0.6、0.9和1.2 g/kg时小麦地上部生物量显著提高9.8%17.5%,籽粒产量在施Ca 0.9和1.2g/kg时分别显著增加10.7%和22.7%。施用氯化钙显著提高了小麦茎叶和颖壳中的钙含量,茎叶钙含量在施Ca0.9和1.2 g/kg时分别较对照显著提高53%和68%,颖壳钙含量在施Ca 0.6、0.9和1.2 g/kg时分别显著增加34%、36%和51%,籽粒钙含量无显著变化。整株钙累积量随施钙量的提高显著增加38.6%91.4%。施Ca 0.9和1.2 g/kg,籽粒锌含量显著增加,分别由对照的33.7 mg/kg提高到42.0和41.6 mg/kg。整株锌累积量随施钙量提高而显著增加,施Ca 1.2 g/kg时最高,比对照提高47.0%。收获后土壤交换性钙、有效锌含量无显著差异,但施Ca 0.9和1.2 g/kg时土壤p H分别由对照的8.16降低至7.93和7.97。【结论】发现盆栽试验条件下,石灰性土壤适量施用氯化钙可促进小麦干物质形成,增加籽粒产量;整株吸钙量随施钙量的提高显著增加,但不影响籽粒钙含量;施用氯化钙显著降低了土壤p H,同时促进了小麦对锌的吸收以及向籽粒的转移。该结果可为理解石灰性土壤中锌的活化机制,促进作物对锌的吸收利用提供参考。 | 高雅洁 王朝辉 王森 靳静静 曹寒冰 戴健 于荣 | 2015 | 植物营养与肥料学报2015，21，3： | 10 |
| 4 | Leaching of Copper and Zinc in a Garden Soil Receiving Poultry and Livestock Manures from Intensive Farming显示文摘The leaching characteristics of a garden soil may be greatly affected by application of poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming.Packed soil columns of a garden soil (CK) and the soils after respectively receiving 2% pig manure (PM),chicken manure (CM),and commercial organic manure (OM) were leached with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 and 0.01 mol L^(-1) EDTA solutions.The leachate EC (electric conductivity) values gradually increased at the beginning and then reached a stable value when the soil columns were leached with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution.The leachate EC values showed a peak-shape when leached with 0.01 mol L^(-1) EDTA solution.In all the soil columns,the pH values of the leachates decreased with increase of displacement volumes when the Ca(NO_3)_2 solution was used.The total amounts of Cu and Zn eluted from the four soil columns were significantly correlated with the extracted soil Cu and Zn concentrations by 1.0 mol L^(-1) NH_4NO_3,but were not correlated with the leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents.The Zn concentration in the leachate of the PM-treated soil column with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2 solution was above the Quality StandardⅢfor Ground Water of China (GB/T 14848-93,Zn<1.0 mg L^(-1)).When compared with 0.05 mol L^(-1) Ca(NO_3)_2,the EDTA solution significantly accelerated Cu and Zn elutions in the manure-treated columns.This suggested that applying poultry and livestock manures from intensive farming to farmland might pose a threat to the groundwater quality. | HAO Xiu-Zhen ZHOU Dong-Mei CHEN Huai-Man DONG Yuan-Hua | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，1： | 5 |
| 5 | 碳酸钙含量对土壤中锌有效性和小麦锌铁吸收的影响显示文摘石灰性土壤中高碳酸钙(CaCO_3)含量是引起作物缺Zn的重要原因之一。本研究设置了由低到高的土壤CaCO_3含量梯度,以探讨CaCO_3对土壤有效Zn含量、两种基因型小麦(远丰998,中育6号)生长发育及Zn、Fe营养的影响。结果表明,与不施Zn相比,施Zn使土壤有效Zn含量增加了3.22倍:高含量CaCO_3使土壤有效Zn含量有所降低,新施入的有效态Zn仅有1.3%被小麦吸收,大部分则转化为无效态Zn:CaCO_3含量达到111.8g/kg时,可明显抑制小麦对Fe的吸收,进一步提高CaCO_3含量抑制作用有所减弱:两种小麦基因型生长存在明显的差异,中育6号的根冠比和分蘖数都显著高于远丰998:施Zn可显著增加小麦Zn含量和吸收量,CaCO_3含量达到111.8 g/kg可显著降低小麦根的Zn含量,对其他部分影响不明显;此外,施Zn可增加叶片的Fe含量和转运率。 | 田霄鸿 陆欣春 买文选 杨习文 李生秀 | 2008 | 土壤2008，40，3： | 4 |
| 6 | 典型乡镇企业密集区土壤-蔬菜系统重金属分布与关联特征显示文摘土壤中有毒污染物的生物有效性及其在土壤-植物系统的迁移富集是当前研究的热点问题。该研究对乡镇企业密集地——东莞地区常见的7种叶菜类蔬菜及其相应土壤样品中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb等重金属元素的全量和稀盐酸可提取态进行了分析。结果表明:研究区蔬菜存在明显的有毒金属元素(Ni、Pb)超标和有益金属元素(Cu、Zn)缺乏问题,蔬菜重金属含量与土壤重金属总量和可提取态重金属含量均无显著的相关性,但可提取态含量的富集系数与蔬菜重金属含量具有显著相关性,其可以较好地指示土壤可提取态重金属向蔬菜系统的转移规律。不同品种蔬菜对各重金属的富集系数随可提取态重金属含量增加呈幂函数形式递减,且递减趋势与土壤中可提取态重金属含量范围密切相关。当数据量有限时,利用富集系数与对应可提取态重金属含量之间的回归模型对富集系数定量估值,其准确性要高于取相应的均值或中值。 | 窦磊 马瑾 游远航 蔡立梅 | 2008 | 土壤2008，40，5： | 3 |
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