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| 1 | Prescribing physical activity to prevent and manage gestational diabetes显示文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy.Women diagnosed with GDM have a substantially greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 5-10 years after delivery,and the risk is increased by excess body weight.Uncontrolled hyperglycemia during pregnancy is potentially harmful to both mother and fetus,resulting in a greater need for Caesarian-section deliveries,delivery of larger infants with more excess body fat,a greater risk of infant death and stillbirth,and an elevated risk of infant hypoglycemia immediately after birth.Fortunately,engaging in physical activity prior to and during pregnancy may lower the risk of developing GDM.Pregnant women should also be advised how to safely increase their physical activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period.An initial approach to becoming more physically active can simply be to encourage women to incorporate more unstructured physical activity into daily living,both before and during pregnancy.Giving women an appropriate exercise prescription can encourage them to participate in physical activity safely and effectively throughout pregnancy to prevent and/or manage GDM.Engaging in 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity on most,if not all,days of the week has been adopted as a recommendation for all pregnant women. | Sheri R Colberg Kristin Castorino Lois Jovanovi | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，6： | 12 |
| 2 | Effects of maternal diabetes on trophoblast cells显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a health condition characterized by hyperglycemia over a prolonged period.There are three main types of DM:DM type 1(DM1),DM2 and gestational DM(GDM).Maternal diabetes,which includes the occurrence of DM1 and DM2 during pregnancy or GDM,increases the occurrence of gesttional complications and adverse fetal outcomes.The hyperglycemic intrauterine environment affects not only the fetus but also the placental development and function in humans and experimental rodents.The underlying mechanisms are still unclear,but some evidence indicates alterations in trophoblast proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle control in diabetes.A proper coordination of trophoblast proliferation,differentiation and invasion is required for placental development.Initially,increased expression of proliferative markers in junctional and labyrinth zones of rat placentas and villous cytotrophoblast,syncytiotrophoblast,stromal cells and fetal endothelial cells in human placentas is reported among diabetics.Moreover,reduced apoptotic index and expression of some apoptotic genes are described in placentas of GDM women.In addition,cell cycle regulators including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors seem to be affected by the hyperglycemic environment.More studies are necessary to check the balance between proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation in trophoblast cells during maternal diabetes. | Marlúcia Bastos Aires Anne Carolline Veríssimo dos Santos | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，2： | 9 |
| 3 | 糖尿病母亲婴儿心脏合并症的高危因素显示文摘目的探讨糖尿病母亲婴儿(infantsofdiabeticmothers,IDMs)发生心脏合并症的高危因素。方法对2011年1月至2014年4月在北京大学深圳医院儿科228例IDMs进行调查,其中其母亲妊娠期资料完整者共171例。于出生后1周内择期完成心脏B超检查。将IDMs依据B超检查结果分为2组:观察组(有心脏合并症)及对照组(心脏正常)。将患儿情况与母亲妊娠期的状况相结合进行分析比较。结果观察组69例(男38例、女31例),对照组102例(男59例、女43例);观察组早产儿24例,对照组47例;观察组大于胎龄儿(LGA)16例,对照组LGA15例;经检验,2组在性别、是否早产儿、是否LGA方面差异均无统计学意义(x^2=0.129、2.163、1.995,P均〉0.05)。观察组新生儿低血糖7例(4.1%),高于对照组[1例(0.6%)],2组比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=7.752,P〈0.05);观察组高龄产妇者24例(14.o%),高于对照组[19例(11.1%)],2组比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=5.707,P〈0.05);观察组有其他合并症的母亲24例(14.0%),高于对照组[15例(8.8%)],2组比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=9.423,P〈0.01);观察组孕母血糖控制好者19例(11.1%),低于对照组[80例(46.8%)],2组比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=43.735,P〈0.01);观察组仅糖耐量减低母亲9例(5.3%),低于对照组[26例(15.2%)],2组比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=3.917,P〈0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲有其他合并症为患儿出现心脏合并症的危险因素(OR=3.29,95%CI1.248—8.671),血糖控制满意为其保护因素(OR=0.098,95%CI0.045—0.217)。结论存患妊娠糖尿病母亲中,孕期血糖控制差、有其他合并症、高龄产妇以及母亲糖尿病较严重者所生新生儿易出现心脏合并症。 | 刘颖 周于新 | 2015 | 中华实用儿科临床杂志2015，30，1： | 7 |
| 4 | 实验性妊娠糖尿病大鼠模型的研究进展显示文摘妊娠糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期发生的不同程度的糖耐量异常,不仅会使孕妇出现一系列代谢紊乱,也会造成胎儿、新生儿生长发育异常,甚至可对子代在儿童期、青春期以及成年时产生远期影响。理想GDM动物模型的建立无疑能为深入研究其病因、治疗方法及新药的评价提供良好的基础和平台。复制符合人类GDM发病特点的动物模型,首先应在机制上搞清其基本病理机制和临床特点。当前国内外研究中,实验性GDM大鼠模型的诱导主要有化学药物诱导、饮食诱导和手术诱导。也有学者用自发性动物模型研究GDM,大部分自发性动物模型是通过人为定向培育而成的,毕竟不同于人类自然发病情况。本文就目前国内外研究中已建立的各种GDM大鼠模型的研究进行了综述。 | 李鑫 杨慧霞 | 2012 | 现代妇产科进展2012，21，8： | 6 |
| 5 | What neonatal complications should the pediatrician be aware of in case of maternal gestational diabetes?显示文摘In the epidemiologic context of maternal obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D),the incidence of gestational diabetes has significantly increased in the last decades.Infants of diabetic mothers are prone to various neonatal adverse outcomes,including metabolic and hematologic disorders,respiratory distress,cardiac disorders and neurologic impairment due to perinatal asphyxia and birth traumas,among others.Macrosomia is the most constant consequence of diabetes and its severity is mainly influenced by maternal blood glucose level.Neonatal hypoglycemia is the main metabolic disorder that should be prevented as soon as possible after birth.The severity of macrosomia and the maternal health condition have a strong impact on the frequency and the severity of adverse neonatal outcomes.Pregestational T2 D and maternal obesity significantly increase the risk of perinatal death and birth defects.The high incidence of maternal hyperglycemia in developing countries,associated with the scarcity of maternal and neonatal care,seriously increase the burden of neonatal complications in these countries. | Delphine Mitanchez Catherine Yzydorczyk Umberto Simeoni | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，5： | 4 |
| 6 | ICP合并GDM孕妇的围产期结局分析显示文摘目的:探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症合并妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的围产期结局。方法:将2013年1月-2015年12月在某院住院分娩的ICP合并GDM孕妇为研究对象(IG组,共89例),随机抽取同期因单纯ICP住院分娩的作为对照组(I组,250例),所有患者均记录分娩前的总胆汁酸值、产后出血量、羊水情况、新生儿出生体重、APGAR评分、出生孕周,回顾性分析两组孕妇的围产期结局。结果:IG组的早产发生率,新生儿窒息率及转NICU的概率高于I组,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:ICP合并GDM孕妇的围产儿发病率较单纯ICP高,对于ICP合并GDM孕妇,孕期应加强管理与监测,遵循个体化处理原则制定治疗方案,减少新生儿呼吸系统疾病发生率,同时应避免盲目剖宫产,改善围产期结局。 | 倪菲菲 徐晓敏 彭继文 吕杰强 | 2016 | 数理医药学杂志2016，29，10： | 4 |
| 7 | Perinatal nutritional programming of health and metabolic adult disease显示文摘Data indicate that perinatal nutritional insults not onlyhave short-term consequences on the growth velocity of the fetus/neonate but also sensitize to the development of metabolic adult diseases.The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the so-called 'Developmental Origin of Health and Adult Diseases' are still largely unknown and depend on the type of alteration (nutritional,psychological,endocrine disruptors,etc.),its intensity and duration,species,sex and the time during which it is applied.Perinatal stress,via disturbances of both hy-pothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathoadrenal-system (SAS),as well as brain-adipose axis and pancreas alterations could play a crucial role.Interestingly,it has been demonstrated that perinatal insults may be transmitted transgenerationally,suggesting that these long-term consequences may be inherited via epigenetic mechanisms.Finally,since the placenta has been demonstrated to be sensitive to perinatal nutritional manipulations,the identification of placental markers may thus represent an important new avenue to identify the more susceptible babies prone to developing meta-bolic diseases. | Didier Vieau | 2011 | World Journal of Diabetes2011，2，9： | 3 |
| 8 | 产前肥胖对孕妇及新生儿脐血微量元素的影响显示文摘目的:探讨孕期肥胖对孕妇及新生儿体内微量元素的影响。方法:以213对健康初产妇及其新生儿为研究对象,分为产前肥胖组(产前BMI≥28)和产前体重正常组(产前BMI﹤28),以及孕期体重增加过度组(孕期BMI增加>6)和孕期正常增长组(孕期BMI增加≤6),采用原子吸收光谱法测定孕妇静脉血及新生儿脐带血中钙、镁、铁、锌、铜的含量。结果:产前肥胖组新生儿脐血Mg、Zn水平明显低于产前正常体重组水平,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);产前肥胖组脐血Ca、Fe、Cu水平较正常体重组略低,但组间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。产前BMI与新生儿脐血Mg水平呈负相关(r=-0.178,P=0.010)。结论:孕妇产前肥胖可能影响新生儿体内微量元素水平降低。 | 张莹 史新竹 张吉慧 梁多宏 王凤芝 刘伟 张莉 陈立新 顾英姿 韩松 | 2013 | 中国妇幼保健2013，28，21： | 2 |
| 9 | 妊娠期糖尿病的运动疗法研究进展显示文摘合理的运动疗法对改善妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖及妊娠结局的重要意义,妊娠期糖尿病患者与日俱增,运动疗法可以通过其抗氧化效能及减少脂肪比例的能力,增加胰岛素的敏感性,从而降低妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖,改善妊娠结局。多项研究表明:适宜的运动项目,运动强度及频率,适度的运动时间及进度,可以帮助妊娠期糖尿病患者更好更安全更有效的管理血糖。 | 杨新娜 石凌峰 李冬梅 | 2015 | 世界最新医学信息文摘2015，15，65： | 1 |
| 10 | 妊娠晚期孕妇血α-L-岩藻糖苷酶水平与胎儿出生体重的关系显示文摘目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇血α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)水平与胎儿出生体重的关系。方法回顾性分析452例单胎妊娠产妇的资料,其中221例分娩巨大儿(观察组),231例为非巨大儿(对照组)。比较两组孕妇分娩前血AFU水平及难产发生率。分析孕妇分娩前血AFU水平与胎儿出生体重的相关性。结果观察组AFU水平及难产发生率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。孕妇分娩前AFU水平与新生儿出生体重呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论孕晚期血AFU水平明显升高者分娩的新生儿出生体重偏大,分娩巨大儿孕妇孕晚期血AFU水平更高;AFU或可作为孕晚期评估胎儿出生体重的参考指标。 | 宋春莲 戴洁敏 张丽文 管军华 陈亚萍 赵海红 沈盛艳 | 2020 | 广西医学2020，42，11： | 1 |
| 11 | 母体糖代谢异常及相关基因多态性与子代神经管畸形的关系显示文摘母体孕期糖尿病增加胎儿神经管畸形风险是公认的,且有人群流行病学研究证据。糖代谢途径涉及众多酶类,编码这些酶的基因多态性可能会通过影响母体血糖水平,从而影响子代神经管畸形的发病风险。本文回顾母体糖代谢异常及相关基因多态性与子代神经管畸形关系的研究进展,从能量介导的致畸作用、胚胎内生物化学失调、氧化应激和细胞凋亡等方面总结糖代谢异常致畸的可能机制,并重点回顾了相关基因多态性与神经管畸形的关系。 | 富韵婷 刘菊芬(综述) 任爱国(审校) | 2013 | 中国生育健康杂志2013，，3： | 0 |
| 12 | 妊娠及孕前糖尿病对胎盘功能和出生体重的影响显示文摘糖尿病孕产妇增加新生儿发病率的风险,是一个重大的医学挑战。怀孕期间的糖尿病可分为临床型糖尿病(1型或2型,妊娠前的妇女)和妊娠糖尿病。糖尿病妊娠研究组国际交流协会最近公布的高血糖不良妊娠结局的研究数据得出一个共识, | 李霈 袁丽芬 | 2012 | 中国实验诊断学2012，16，9： | 0 |
| 13 | 生活方式干预对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制以及妊娠结局的影响观察显示文摘目的探讨生活方式干预对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制以及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取该院2016年6月—2018年2月期间收治的妊娠糖尿病患者90例,随机分为观察组和对照组,两组均给予胰岛素药物治疗,同时给予观察组健康教育、饮食指导、控制体重及纠正不良生活习惯的生活方式干预,比较两组干预前后血糖水平和孕期感染、巨大儿、新生儿窒息及新生儿低血糖的发生率。结果干预后患者空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖均较干预前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组孕期感染、巨大儿、新生儿窒息、新生儿低血糖的发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对妊娠糖尿病患者进行生活方式干预,能够有效的协助控制患者空腹及餐后血糖水平,更能够降低妊娠糖尿病患者围产期并发症的发病率。 | 陈秀珍 | 2018 | 糖尿病新世界2018，21，8： | 0 |
| 14 | 母亲糖代谢基因多态性与胎儿神经管畸形的发病风险显示文摘目的探索母亲糖代谢相关基因的单核苷酸多态性与胎儿神经管畸形发病风险之间的关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法。病例组为191名生育过无脑畸形、脊柱裂或脑膨出患儿的妇女;对照为按地区和末次月经日期1:1匹配的健康足月新生儿的母亲。对11个已知的调节体内糖稳态和胰岛素分泌的候选基因共12个多态性位点进行了检测。采用Cochran-Armitage趋势卡方检验和logistic回归,分析母亲基因型与胎儿神经管畸形及其亚型之间的关联。结果LEPR(rs1137100)在脊柱裂和脑膨出组(A等位基因相较于G等位基因)差异均有统计学意义,其调整后的OR值分别为2.66(95%CI:1.06~6.64)和6.22(95%CI:1.37~28.18)。未发现其他的位点与神经管畸形发病风险存在关联。结论LEPR多态性位点rs1137100的变异与胎儿脊柱裂和脑膨出发病风险存在关联。 | 富韵婷 王琳琳 易德青 刘菊芬 张亚黎 靳蕾 李凯 任爱国 | 2013 | 中国生育健康杂志2013，，2： | 0 |
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