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| 1 | Equations and their physical interpretation in numerical modeling of heavy metals in fluvial rivers显示文摘Based on the previous work on the transport-transformation of heavy metal pollutants in fluvial rivers, this paper presented the formulation of a two-dimensional model to describe heavy metal transport-transformation in fluvial rivers by considering basic principles of environmental chemistry, hydraulics, mechanics of sediment transport and recent developments along with three very simplified test cases. The model consists of water flow governing equations, sediment transport governing equations, transport-transformation equation of heavy metal pollutants, and convection-diffusion equations of adsorption-desorption kinetics of particulate heavy metal concentrations on suspended load, bed load and bed sediment. The heavy metal transport-transformation equation is basically a mass balance equation, which demonstrates how sediment transport affects transport-transformation of heavy metals in fluvial rivers. The convection-diffusion equations of adsorption-desorption kinetics of heavy metals, being an extension of batch reactor experimental results and a major advancement of the previous work, take both physical transport, i.e. convection and diffusion and chemical reactions, i.e. adsorption-desorption into account. Effects of sediment transport on heavy metal transport-transformation were clarified through three examples. Specifically, the transport-transformation of heavy metals in a steady, uniform and equilibrium sediment-laden flow was calculated by applying this model, and results were shown to be rational. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation indicated that the transport-transformation of heavy metals in sediment-laden flows with clay-enriched riverbed possesses not only the generality of common tracer pollutants, but also characteristics of transport-transformation induced by sediment motion. Future work will be conducted to present validation/application of the model with available data. | HUANG SuiLiang Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Report of the Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Nomenclature 显示文摘 | Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease | 1979 | Circulation1979，59，： | 2 |
| 3 | Bioaccumulation and single and joint toxicities of penta-BDE and cadmium to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to spiked soils显示文摘Bioaccumulation of penta-BDE(DE-71) in earthworms(Eisenia fetida) and the induced toxicities on the growth and reproduction of earthworms were investigated.All the major congeners in DE-71 could be bioaccumulated in earthworms and the concentration found in earthworms correlated to the spiked concentration in soil.DE-71 might inhibit the growth and reproduction of cocoons and juveniles of earthworms.The toxicities were dose dependent and increased with exposure time.Exposing earthworms to combination of DE-71 and Cd resulted in enhanced mortality and reduction of cocoons or juveniles in a synergistic mode.The presence of DE-71 may affect the relocation of Cd in earthworms.When the earthworms were exposed to Cd alone,Cd up-taken by earthworms was mainly partitioned in the cytosolic fraction.While DE-71 was present,Cd in the cytosolic fraction decreased significantly.It is perhaps that DE-71 inhibits the synthesis of matallothioneins,and then reduces the detoxification ability of earthworms.This is the first report about the toxicity of PBDEs to earthworms.The result would be useful for ecological risk assessment of PBDEs in terrestrial ecosystem. | ZHU ShuZhen,LIU Man,TIAN ShengYan & ZHU LingYan College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria(Nankai University) ,Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，5： | 2 |
| 4 | International study group for Behcet's disease 显示文摘 | Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet's disease | 1990 | Lancet1990，335，8697： | 1 |
| 5 | NCI sponsored international working group 显示文摘 | Cheson BD Homing S J Coiffier B : Report of an internation- al workshop to standardized response criteria for non-Hodgkin' s lymphomas | 1999 | J Clin Oncol1999，17，4： | 1 |
| 6 | The European society for pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition working group for the diagnostic criteria for food allergy显示文摘 | Diagnostic criteria for food allergy with predominantly intestinal symptoms | 1992 | J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1992，14，： | 1 |
| 7 | Subcommittee on Motor Neuron Diseases显示文摘 | Brooks BR E1 Escorial World Federation of Neurology criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 1994 | J Neurol Sci1994，124，： | 1 |
| 8 | Report of the joint international society and federation of cardiology/world health organization task force on standardization of clinical nomenclature 显示文摘 | Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease | 1979 | Circulation1979，59，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Guidelines for design of joints between steel beams and reinforced concrete columns 显示文摘 | The ASCE Task Committee on Design Criteria for Composite Structures in Steel and Concrete | 1994 | Journal of Structural Engineering1994，120，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Report of the Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization Task Force on Standardization of Clinical Normen clature显示文摘 | Normenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemia heart disease | 1979 | Circulation1979，59，： | 1 |
| 11 | Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) 显示文摘 | Subcommittee for scleroderma criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee | 1980 | Arthritis Rheum1980，23，： | 1 |
| 12 | Report of the joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization task force and standardization of clinical nomenclature 显示文摘 | Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart dis ease | 1979 | Circulation1979，59，3： | 1 |
| 13 | American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inap- propriate medication use in older adults显示文摘 | American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel | 2012 | J Am C eriatr Soc2012，60，： | 1 |
| 14 | Report of the Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/World Health Organization task force on standardization of clinical nomenclature显示文摘 | Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease | 1979 | Circulation1979，59，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Report of Joint International Society and Federation of Cardiology/ World Health Organization Task force on standardization of clinical nomenclature显示文摘 | Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease | 1979 | Circulation1979，59，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis显示文摘 | Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheuma-tism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee | 1980 | Arthritis Rheum1980，23，： | 1 |
| 17 | American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults显示文摘 | American Geriatric Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel | 2015 | J Am Geriatr Soc2015，，： | 1 |
| 18 | American Geriatrics Society updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults 显示文摘 | American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers criteria update expert Panel | 2012 | J Am Geriatr Soc2012，60，4： | 1 |
| 19 | American Geriatrics Society Updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults显示文摘 | American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel | 2012 | J Am Geriatr Soc2012，60，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Report from an Ad Hoc Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force 显示文摘 | Research criteria for diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) | 1991 | Neurology1991，41，5： | 1 |
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