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| 1 | Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review显示文摘AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment methods.METHODS A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in January 2017 using the keywords 'tibial', 'plateau', 'fractures', 'knee', 'athletes', 'sports', 'non-operative', 'conservative', 'operative', 'return to sport'. All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded 'return to sport'rates. Only one study recorded a 'return to sport' time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on ORIF.CONCLUSION Return rates to sport for tibial plateau fractures remain limited compared to other fractures. ARIF provides the best return rates. There is limited data regarding return times to sport. Further research is required to determine return times to sport, and to improve return rates to sport, through treatment and rehabilitation optimisation. | Greg A J Robertson Seng J Wong Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，7： | 10 |
| 2 | Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome显示文摘Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by'high'and'low'risk.'Low risk'stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus.'High risk'stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting. | Greg A J Robertson Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，3： | 7 |
| 3 | Interferon-β induced in female genital epithelium by HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 via Toll-like-receptor 2 pathway acts to protect the mucosal barrier显示文摘More than 40%of HIV infections occur via female reproductive tract(FRT)through heterosexual transmission.Epithelial cells that line the female genital mucosa are the first line of defense against HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted pathogens.These sentient cells recognize and respond to external stimuli by induction of a range of carefully balanced innate immune responses.Previously,we have shown that in response to HIV-1 gp120,the genital epithelial cells(GECs)from upper reproductive tract induce an inflammatory response that may facilitate HIV-1 translocation and infection.In this study,we report that the endometrial and endocervical GECs simultaneously induce biologically active interferon-β(IFNβ)antiviral responses following exposure to HIV-1 that act to protect the epithelial tight junction barrier.The innate antiviral response was directly induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and addition of gp120 neutralizing antibody inhibited IFNβproduction.Interferon-βwas induced by gp120 in upper GECs through Toll-like receptor 2 signaling and required presence of heparan sulfate on epithelial cell surface.The induction of IFNβwas dependent upon activation of transcription factor IRF3(interferon regulatory factor 3).The IFNβwas biologically active,had a protective effect on epithelial tight junction barrier and was able to inhibit HIV-1 infection in TZM-bl indicator cells and HIV-1 replication in T cells.This is the first report that recognition of HIV-1 by upper GECs leads to induction of innate antiviral pathways.This could explain the overall low infectivity of HIV-1 in the FRT and could be exploited for HIV-1 prophylaxis. | Aisha Nazli Sara Dizzell Muhammad Atif Zahoor Victor H Ferreira Jessica Kafka Matthew William Woods Michel Ouellet Ali A Ashkar Michel J Tremblay Dawn ME Bowdish Charu Kaushic | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，2： | 2 |
| 4 | A novel variant of Inpp5f is imprinted in brain, and its expression is correlated with differential methylation of an internal CpG island显示文摘 | Choi J D Underkoffler L A Wood A J | 2005 | Mol Cell Biol2005，25，13： | 1 |
| 5 | Potted - plant/growth media interactions and capacities for removal of volatiles from indoor air 显示文摘 | Wood R A Orwell R L Tartan J | 2002 | Journal of Horticulture Science & Biotechnology2002，77，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of transverse air flow on burning rates of rectangular methanol pool fires显示文摘 | Woods J A R Fleck B A Kostiuk L W | 2006 | Combustion and Flame2006，146，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Manipulating meat quality and composition 显示文摘 | WOOD J D ENSER M FISHER A V | 1999 | Proc Nutr Soc1999，58，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Some electrical effects of the adsorption of water vapour by anodized aluminum 显示文摘 | JASON A C WOOD J L | 1955 | Proceedings of the Physical Society1955，，68： | 1 |
| 9 | Laser Compres- sion of Matter to Super-High Densities: Thermonuclear (CTR) Applications显示文摘 | Nuckolls J Wood L Thiessen A | 1972 | Nature1972，239，： | 1 |
| 10 | Structure, mechanism and regulation of peroxiredoxins 显示文摘 | Wood Z A Schrder E Robin H J | 2003 | Trends in Biochemi- cal Sciences2003，28，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Species composition and cyanotoxin production in periphyton mats from three lakes of varying trophic status显示文摘 | Wood S A Kuhajek J M de Winton M | 2012 | Fems Microbiol Ecol2012，79，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Brel, an E3 u- biquitin ligase required for recruitment and sub- strate selection of Rad6 at a promoter 显示文摘 | Wood A Krogan NJ Dover J | 2003 | Mol Cell2003，11，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Long- term neuroblast migration along blood vessels in an area with transient angio- genesisand increased vaseularization after stroke显示文摘 | Thored P Wood J Arvidsson A | 2007 | Stroke2007，38，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Reproducibility of serology assays for pandemic influenza H1N1:collaborative study to evaluate a candidate WHO international standard显示文摘 | WOOD J M MAJOR D HEATH A | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 15 | Laser compression of matter to super-high densities: Thermonuclear (CTR) applications显示文摘 | NUCKOLLS J WOOD L THIESSEN A | 1972 | Nature1972，239，15： | 1 |
| 16 | Habit and intention in everyday life:The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior 显示文摘 | Ouellette J A Wood W | 1998 | Psychological Bulletin1998，124，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Gas chromatographic determination and pattern recognition analysis of methanol and fuse1 oil concentrations in whiskeys 显示文摘 | WILSON L A DING J H WOODS A E | 1991 | J AOAC lnt1991，74，： | 1 |
| 18 | I-V Characteristics of Carbon Black-Loaded Crystallinepolyethylene显示文摘 | Al-Allak H M Brinkman A W Wood J | 1993 | J Mater Sci1993，28，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Performance of large-aperture optical:switches for high energy inertial-confinement fusion lasers显示文摘 | Mark A Rhodes B Woods J J DeYoreo | 1995 | Applied Optics1995，34，53： | 1 |
| 20 | Primary structure and cellular localization of callinectin, an antimicrobial peptide from the blue crab 显示文摘 | Noga E J Stone K L Wood A | 2011 | Developmental & Comparative Immunology2011，35，4： | 1 |
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