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| 1 | 肌萎缩性侧索硬化蛋白激活小胶质细胞NLRP3炎性小体显示文摘小胶质细胞NLRP3炎性小体激活正在成为神经退行性变过程中神经炎症的关键因素。诸如β-淀粉样蛋白和α-突触核蛋白之类的致病性蛋白质聚集体触发小胶质NLRP3激活,从而导致半胱天冬酶-1激活和IL-1β的分泌。在小鼠肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)的SOD1G93A模型中,半胱天冬酶-1和IL-1β均促进疾病进展,提示小胶质NLRP3在该进程中发挥作用。然而先前的研究表明,SOD1G93A小鼠小胶质细胞不表达NLRP3,SOD1G93A蛋白在小胶质细胞中产生独立于NLRP3的IL-1β。本研究论证了使用Nlrp3-GFP基因敲入小鼠,在SOD1G93A小鼠中小胶质细胞表达NLRP3。本研究显示聚集和可溶性SOD1G93A均可激活小鼠原代小胶质细胞中的炎性小体,导致半胱天冬酶-1和IL-1β裂解,ASC斑点形成以及呈剂量和时间依赖性的IL-1β分泌。重要的是,SOD1G93A无法从缺乏Nlrp3的小胶质细胞或者用特异性NLRP3抑制剂MCC950预处理的小胶质细胞中诱导IL-1β分泌,从而证实NLRP3是介导SOD1诱导的小胶质细胞IL-1β分泌的关键炎症小体复合物。在TDP-43Q331K ALS小鼠模型中也观察到小胶质NLRP3上调,TDP-43野生型和突变蛋白亦可以NLRP3依赖性的方式激活小胶质炎性小体。从机制上讲,本研究确定了活性氧簇和ATP的生成是SOD1G93A介导的NLRP3激活所需的关键事件。总之,本研究的数据表明ALS小胶质细胞表达NLRP3,而病理ALS蛋白激活小胶质NLRP3炎性小体。因此,NLRP3抑制可能是阻止小胶质细胞神经炎症和ALS疾病进展的潜在治疗方法。 | Vandana Deora John D Lee Eduardo AAlbornoz Luke McAlary Cyril J Jagaraj Avril A B Robertson Julie D Atkin Matthew A Cooper Kate Schroder Justin J Yerbury Richard Gordon Trent MWoodruff 杜一星(编译) | 2020 | 神经损伤与功能重建2020，15，9： | 13 |
| 2 | Return to sport following tibial plateau fractures: A systematic review显示文摘AIM To systemically review all studies reporting return to sport following tibial plateau fracture, in order to provide information on return rates and times to sport, and to assess variations in sporting outcome for different treatment methods.METHODS A systematic search of CINAHAL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science was performed in January 2017 using the keywords 'tibial', 'plateau', 'fractures', 'knee', 'athletes', 'sports', 'non-operative', 'conservative', 'operative', 'return to sport'. All studies which recorded return rates and times to sport following tibial plateau fractures were included. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included: 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 7 were prospective cohort studies, 16 were retrospective cohort studies, 3 were case series. One study reported on the outcome of conservative management(n = 3); 27 reported on the outcome of surgical management(n = 917). Nine studies reported on Open Reduction Internal Fixation(ORIF)(n = 193), 11 on Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction Internal Fixation(ARIF)(n = 253) and 7 on Frame-Assisted Fixation(FRAME)(n = 262). All studies recorded 'return to sport'rates. Only one study recorded a 'return to sport' time. The return rate to sport for the total cohort was 70%. For the conservatively-managed fractures, the return rate was 100%. For the surgically-managed fractures, the return rate was 70%. For fractures managed with ORIF, the return rate was 60%. For fractures managed with ARIF, the return rate was 83%. For fractures managed with FRAME was 52%. The return rate for ARIF was found to be significantly greater than that for ORIF(OR 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.97, P < 0.001) and for FRAME(OR 4.33, 95%CI: 2.89-6.50, P < 0.001). No difference was found between the return rates for ORIF and FRAME(OR 1.35, 95%CI: 0.92-1.96, P = 0.122). The recorded return time was 6.9 mo(median), from a study reporting on ORIF.CONCLUSION Return rates to sport for tibial plateau fractures remain limited compared to other fractures. ARIF provides the best return rates. There is limited data regarding return times to sport. Further research is required to determine return times to sport, and to improve return rates to sport, through treatment and rehabilitation optimisation. | Greg A J Robertson Seng J Wong Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，7： | 10 |
| 3 | Lower limb stress fractures in sport:Optimising their management and outcome显示文摘Stress fractures in sport are becoming increasing more common,comprising up to 10%of all of sporting injuries.Around 90%of such injuries are located in the lower limb.This articles aims to define the optimal management of lower limb stress fractures in the athlete,with a view to maximise return rates and minimise return times to sport.Treatment planning of this condition is specific to the location of the injury.However,there remains a clear division of stress fractures by'high'and'low'risk.'Low risk'stress fractures are those with a low probability of fracture propagation,delayed union,or non-union,and so can be managed reliably with rest and exercise limitation.These include stress fractures of the PosteroMedial Tibial Diaphysis,Metatarsal Shafts,Distal Fibula,Medial Femoral Neck,Femoral Shaft and Calcaneus.'High risk'stress fractures,in contrast,have increased rates of fracture propagation,displacement,delayed and non-union,and so require immediate cessation of activity,with orthopaedic referral,to assess the need for surgical intervention.These include stress fractures of the Anterior Tibial Diaphysis,Fifth Metatarsal Base,Medial Malleolus,Lateral Femoral Neck,Tarsal Navicular and Great Toe Sesamoids.In order to establish the optimal methods for managing these injuries,we present and review the current evidence which guides the treatment of stress fractures in athletes.From this,we note an increased role for surgical management of certain high risk stress fractures to improve return times and rates to sport.Following this,key recommendations are provided for the management of the common stress fracture types seen in the athlete.Five case reports are also presented to illustrate the application of sportfocussed lower limb stress fracture treatment in the clinical setting. | Greg A J Robertson Alexander M Wood | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，3： | 7 |
| 4 | Colonoscopy quality with Entonox? vs intravenous conscious sedation:18608 colonoscopy retrospective study显示文摘AIM To compare colonoscopy quality with nitrous oxide gas(Entonox?) against intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively held database of 18608 colonoscopies carried out in Lothian health board hospitals between July 2013 and January 2016.The quality of colonoscopies performed with Entonox was compared to intravenous conscious sedation(abbreviated in this article as IVM).Furthermore,the quality of colonoscopies performed with an unmedicated group was compared to IVM.The study used the following key markers of colonoscopy quality:(1) patient comfort scores;(2) caecal intubation rates(CIRs); and (3) polyp detection rates (PDRs).We used binary logistic regression to model the data.RESULTS There was no difference in the rate of moderate-toextreme discomfort between the Entonox and IVM groups (17.9% vs 18.8%; OR = 1.06,95%CI: 0.95-1.18,P = 0.27).Patients in the unmedicated group were less likely to experience moderate-to-extreme discomfort than those in the IVM group(11.4% vs 18.8%; OR = 0.71,95%CI: 0.60-0.83,P < 0.001).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the Entonox and IVM groups(94.4% vs 93.7%; OR = 1.08,95%CI: 0.92-1.28,P = 0.34).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the unmedicated and IVM groups (94.2% vs 93.7%; OR = 0.98,95%CI: 0.79-1.22,P = 0.87).Polyp detection in the Entonox group was not different from IVM group (35.0% vs 33.1%; OR = 1.01,95%CI: 0.93-1.10,P = 0.79).Polyp detection in the unmedicated group was not significantly different from the IVM group (37.4% vs 33.1%; OR = 0.97,95%CI: 0.87-1.08,P = 0.60).CONCLUSION The use of Entonox was not associated with lower colonoscopy quality when compared to intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid. | Alexander R Robertson Nicholas A Kennedy James A Robertson Nicholas I Church Colin L Noble | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，9： | 3 |
| 5 | A Pooled Analysis of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia Diagnoses After Colonoscopic Polypectomy显示文摘 | María Elena Martínez John A. Baron David A. Lieberman Arthur Schatzkin Elaine Lanza Sidney J. Winawer Ann G. Zauber Ruiyun Jiang Dennis J. Ahnen John H. Bond Timothy R. Church Douglas J. Robertson Stephanie A. Smith–Warner Elizabeth T. Jacobs David S. Alb | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Autotrophlic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor 显示文摘 | Van de Graaf A A De Bruijn P Robertson L A | 1996 | Microbiology1996，142，8： | 2 |
| 7 | A comparison of size seleetion of haddock and whiting by square and diamond mesh codends显示文摘 | Robertson J H Stewart P A | 1988 | J Cons Int Expl Mer1988，44，： | 2 |
| 8 | Optimization of Thermoelectric Green Tape Characteristics Made by the Tape Casting Method显示文摘 | Salam L A Matthews R D Robertson H | 2000 | Mater Chem Phys2000，62，： | 1 |
| 9 | Symposium:carbohudrate methodology,metabolism,and nutritional implications in dairy cattle:Methods for dietary fibre,neutral detergent fibre,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition显示文摘 | Van Scest P J Robertson J B Lewis B A | 1991 | Journal of Dairy Science1991，74，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Destruction of cyanobacterial toxins by semiconductor photocatalysis显示文摘 | ROBERTSON P K J LAWTON L A MANCH B | 1997 | Chem Commun1997，，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat culture of Thiosphaera patotropha显示文摘 | ROBERTSON L A VAN NIEL E W J TORREMANS R A M | 1988 | Applied Environmental Microbiology1988，54，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Development and testing of a rapid appraisal wetland condition index in southeastern Australia显示文摘 | SPENCER C ROBERTSON A I CURTIS A | 1998 | Environmental Management1998，54，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to portal tract fibrogenesis during human chronic liver disease显示文摘 | Rygiel K A Robertson H Marshall H L | 2008 | Laboratory Investigation2008，88，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Chest wall injuries following cardiopulmonary resuscitation 显示文摘 | Black CJ Busuttil A Robertson C | 2004 | Resuscitation2004，63，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Reservoir characteristics of Devonian cherts and their control on oil recovery: Dollarhide field, west Texas显示文摘 | Sailer A Ball B Robertson S | 2001 | AAPG Bulletin2001，85，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor显示文摘 | Mulder A Van de Graaf A A Robertson L A | 1995 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology1995，16，： | 1 |
| 17 | Aerobic denitrification in various heterotrophic nitrifiers显示文摘 | ROBERTSON L A CORNELISSE R De Vos P | 1989 | Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek1989，56，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Contribution of heating, ventilation, air conditioning airflow and conversation to the ambient sound in a neonatal intensive care unit 显示文摘 | ROBERTSON A COOPER-Peel C VOS P | 1999 | J Perinatol1999，19，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Spinal injuries in mo- torcycle crashes: patterns and outcomes显示文摘 | Robertson A Giannoudis PV Branfoot T | 2002 | J Trauma2002，53，： | 1 |
| 20 | Additive partitioning of di- versity across hierarchical spatial scales in a forested landscape 显示文摘 | Chandy S Gibson D J Robertson P A | 2006 | Journal of Applied Ecology2006，43，4： | 1 |
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