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| 1 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
| 2 | Upper-gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease:Incidence and outcomes显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the incidence,surgery,mortality,and readmission of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB)secondary to peptic ulcer disease(PUD).METHODS:Administrative databases identified all hospitalizations for UGIB secondary to PUD in Alberta,Canada from 2004 to 2010(n=7079)using the International Classification of Diseases Codes(ICD-10).A subset of the data was validated using endoscopy reports.Positive predictive value and sensitivity with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated.Incidence of UGIB secondary to PUD was calculated.Logistic regression was used to evaluate surgery,in-hospital mortality,and 30-d readmission to hospital with recurrent UGIB secondary to PUD.Co-variants accounted for in our logistic regression model included:age,sex,area of residence(i.e.,urban vs rural),number of Charlson comorbidities,presence of perforated PUD,undergoing upper endoscopy,year of admission,and interventional radiological attempt at controlling bleeding.A subgroup analysis(n=6356)compared outcomes of patients with gastric ulcers to those with duodenal ulcers.Adjusted estimates are presented as odds ratios(OR)with95%CI.RESULTS:The positive predictive value and sensitivity of ICD-10 coding for UGIB secondary to PUD were85.2%(95%CI:80.2%-90.2%)and 77.1%(95%CI:69.1%-85.2%),respectively.The annual incidence between 2004 and 2010 ranged from 35.4 to 41.2 per100000.Overall risk of surgery,in-hospital mortality,and 30-d readmission to hospital for UGIB secondary to PUD were 4.3%,8.5%,and 4.7%,respectively.Interventional radiology to control bleeding was performed in 0.6%of patients and 76%of these patients avoided surgical intervention.Thirty-day readmission significantly increased from 3.1%in 2004 to 5.2%in 2010(OR=1.07;95%CI:1.01-1.14).Rural residents(OR rural vs urban:2.35;95%CI:1.83-3.01)and older individuals(OR≥65 vs<65:1.57;95%CI:1.21-2.04)were at higher odds of being readmitted to hospital.Patients with duodenal ulcers had higher odds of dying(OR=1.27;95%CI:1.05-1.53),requiring surgery(OR=1.73;95%CI:1.34-2.23),and being readmitted to hospital(OR=1.54;95%CI:1.19-1.99)when compared to gastric ulcers.CONCLUSION:UGIB secondary to PUD,particularly duodenal ulcers,was associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Early readmissions increased over time and occurred more commonly in rural areas. | Samuel Quan Alexandra Frolkis Kaylee Milne Natalie Molodecky Hong Yang Elijah Dixon Chad G Ball Robert P Myers Subrata Ghosh Robert Hilsden Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten Gilaad G Kaplan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 21 |
| 3 | Molecular alterations in gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype显示文摘Currently, gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with a global burden of 723000 deaths in 2012. It is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are numerous possible factors that stimulate the procarcinogenic activity of important genes. These factors include genetic susceptibility expressed in a singlenucleotide polymorphism, various acquired mutations(chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, somatic gene mutations, epigenetic alterations) and environmental circumstances(e.g., helicobcter pylori infection, EBV infection, diet, and smoking). Most of the aforementioned pathways overlap, and authors agree that a clear-cut pathway for GC may not exist. Thus, the categorization of carcinogenic events is complicated. Lately, it has been claimed that research on early-onset gastric carcinoma(EOGC) and hereditary GC may contribute towards unravelling some part of the mystery of the GC molecular pattern because young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens and because carcinogenesis in this setting may be more dependent on genetic factors. The comparison of various aspects that differ and coexist in EOGCs and conventional GCs might enable scientists to: distinguish which features in the pathway of gastric carcinogenesisare modifiable, discover specific GC markers and identify a specific target. This review provides a summary of the data published thus far concerning the molecular characteristics of GC and highlights the outstanding features of EOGC. | Malgorzata Skierucha Anya NA Milne G Johan A Offerhaus Wojciech P Polkowski Ryszard Maciejewski Robert Sitarz | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 6 |
| 4 | Sustained low diffusing capacity in hepatopulmonary syndrome after liver transplantation显示文摘AIM: To study the presence of sustained low diffusing capacity (DLCO) after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).METHODS: Six patients with mild-to-severe HPS and 24 without HPS who underwent LT were prospectively followed before and after LT at mid-term (median, 15 mo). HPS patients were also assessed at long-tem (median, 86 mo).RESULTS: Before LT, HPS patients showed lower PaO2 (71 ± 8 mmHg), higher AaPO2 (43 ± 10 mmHg) and lower DLCO (54% ± 9% predicted), due to a combination of moderate-to-severe ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) imbalance, mild shunt and diffusion limitation, than non-HPS patients (94 ± 4 mmHg and 19 ± 3 mmHg, and 85% ± 3% predicted, respectively) (P < 0.05 each). Seven non-HPS patients had also reduced DLCO (70% ± 4% predicted).At mid- and long-term after LT, compared to pre-LT, HPS patients normalized PaO2 (91 ± 3 mmHg and 87 ± 5 mmHg), AaPO2 (14 ± 3 mmHg and 23 ± 5 mmHg) and all VA/Q descriptors (P < 0.05 each) without changes in DLCO (53% ± 8% and 56% ± 7% predicted, respectively). Post-LT DLCO in non-HPS patients with pre-LT low DLCO was unchanged (75% ± 6% predicted).CONCLUSION: While complete VA/Q resolution in HPS indicates a reversible functional disturbance, sustained low DLCO after LT also present in some non-HPS patients, points to persistence of sub-clinical liver-induced pulmonary vascular changes. | Graciela Martínez-Pallí Federico P Gómez Joan A Barberà Miquel Navasa Josep Roca Robert Rodríguez-Roisin Felip Burgos Conchi Gistau | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，36： | 6 |
| 5 | Silicon carbide resonant tuning fork for microsensing applications in high-temperature and high G-shock environments显示文摘We present the fabrication and testing of a silicon carbide(SiC)balanced mass double-ended tuning fork that survives harsh environments without compromising the device strain sensitivity and resolution bandwidth.The device features a material stack that survives corrosive environments and enables high-temperature operation.To perform high-temperature testing,a specialized setup was constructed that allows the tuning fork to be characterized using traditional silicon electronics.The tuning fork has been operated at 600 ℃ in the presence of dry steam for short durations.This tuning fork has also been tested to 64 000 G using a hard-launch,soft-catch shock implemented with a light gas gun.However,the device still has a strain sensitivity of 66 Hz/με and strain resolution of 0.045 με in a 10 kHz bandwidth.As such,this balanced-mass double-ended tuning fork can be used to create a variety of different sensors including strain gauges,accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure transducers.Given the adaptable fabrication process flow,this device could be useful to micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) designers creating sensors for a variety of different applications. | David R Myers Kan Bun Cheng Babak Jamshidi Robert G Azevedo Debbie G Senesky Li Chen Mehran Mehregany Muthu B J Wijesundara Albert P Pisano | 2012 | Engineering Sciences2012，10，5： | 6 |
| 6 | Gastroenterostoma after Billroth antrectomy as a premalignant condition显示文摘Gastric stump carcinoma(GSC) following remote gastric surgery is widely recognized as a separate entity within the group of various types of gastric cancer.Gastrectomy is a well established risk factor for the development of GSC at a long time after the initial surgery.Both exoas well as endogenous factors appear to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of GSC,such as achlorhydria,hypergastrinemia and biliary reflux,Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infection,atrophic gastritis,and also some polymorphisms in interleukin-1 and maybe cyclo-oxygenase-2.This review summarizes the literature of GSC,with special reference to reliable early diagnostics.In particular,dysplasia can be considered as a dependable morphological marker.Therefore,close endoscopic surveillance with multiple biopsies of the gastroenterostomy is recommended.Screening starting at 15 years after the initial ulcer surgery can detect tumors at a curable stage.This approach can be ofspecial interest in Eastern European countries,where surgery for benign gastroduodenal ulcers has remained a practice for a much longer time than in Western Europe,and therefore GSC is found with higher frequency. | Robert Sitarz Ryszard Maciejewski Wojciech P Polkowski G Johan A Offerhaus | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，25： | 5 |
| 7 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | The Lancet2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 8 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | The Lancet . 2001 (9286)2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 9 | Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial显示文摘 | Michael P Manns John G McHutchison Stuart C Gordon Vinod K Rustgi Mitchell Shiffman Robert Reindollar Zachary D Goodman Kenneth Koury Mei-Hsiu Ling Janice K Albrecht | 2001 | 2001 (9286)2001，，9286： | 4 |
| 10 | Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial显示文摘 | Ronald P DeMatteo Karla V Ballman Cristina R Antonescu Robert G Maki Peter WT Pisters George D Demetri Martin E Blackstein Charles D Blanke Margaret von Mehren Murray F Brennan Shreyaskumar Patel Martin D McCarter Jonathan A Polikoff Benjamin R Tan Kouros | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9669： | 2 |
| 11 | Advances in the Treatment and Outcome of Brainstem Cavernous Malformation Surgery: A Single-Center Case Series of 300 Surgically Treated Patients显示文摘 | Adib A Abla Gregory P Lekovic Jay D Turner Jean G de Oliveira Randall Porter Robert F Spetzler | 2011 | Neurosurgery2011，，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Effect of rapamycin on hepatic osteodystrophy in rats with portasystemic shunting显示文摘瞄准:如果与推延的 portasystemic 有关的 T 房间激活通过 RANKL 依赖的小径引起调停骨破折的骨头损失,学习。如果用 rapamycin 的 T 房间抑制将在老鼠免于骨头损失,我们也调查了。方法:推延的 Portasystemic 在男 Sprague-Dawley 老鼠和 rapamycin 被执行 0.1 mg/kg 被管饲法为 15 wk 管理。老鼠收到了 powderized 食物并且补加喂在骨头作文上阻止营养不良的效果。重量获得和生长在推延的动物在外科以后被恢复。在结束,骨头周转和量的骨头组织学的生物化学的参数被估计。T 房间激活,煽动性的 cytokine 生产,和 RANKL 依赖的小径的标记被测量。另外, IGF-1 和性腺机能减退的角色被调查。结果:推延的 Portasystemic 引起了是 RANKL 独立人士的低周转骨质疏松症。包括 IL-1, IL-6 和 TNFalpha,骨头再吞 cytokine 层次没在浆液和 TNFalpha 被增加, RANKL 表示不起来在 PBMC 调整了。推延的 Portasystemic 增加了传播 CD8+T 房间人口。Rapamycin 减少了传播 CD8+T 房间人口,增加了 CD8+CD25+T 规章的房间人口并且改进了骨头周转的所有参数。结论:推延的 portasystemic 引起的骨质疏松症可以被 rapamycin 部分在肝的骨营养不良的老鼠模型改善。 | Schalk W van der Merwe Maria M Conradie Robert Bond Brenda J Olivier Elongo Fritz Martin Nieuwoudt Rhena Delport Tomas Slavik Gert Engelbrecht Del Kahn Enid G Shephard Maritha J Kotze Nico P de Villiers Stephen Hough | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，28： | 2 |
| 13 | Robust Minimum Variance Beamforming显示文摘 | Robert G L Stephen P B | 2005 | IEEE Trans on Signal Processing2005，53，5： | 1 |
| 14 | On the theory of flashover development显示文摘 | Graham T L Makhviladze G Roberts J P | 1995 | Fire Safety Journal1995，25，： | 1 |
| 15 | No Significant Association of 14 Candidate Genes With Schizophrenia in a Large European Ancestry Sample: Implications for Psychiatric Genetics显示文摘 | Sanders Alan R Duan Jubao Levinson Douglas F Shi Jianxin He Deli Hou Cuiping Burrell Gregory J Rice John P Nertney Deborah A Olincy Ann Rozic Pablo Vinogradov Sophia Buccola Nancy G Mowry Bryan J Freedman Robert Amin Farooq Black Donald W | 2008 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2008，，4： | 1 |
| 16 | An improved model of potential and current distribution within a flow-through porous electrode 显示文摘 | DOHERTY T SUNDERLAND J G ROBERTS E P L | 1996 | Electrochimica Acta1996，41，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Path- ogenicity and immunogenicity of a listeria monoeytogenes strain that requires D-alanine for growth 显示文摘 | ROBERT J T ARCHIE H G DANIEL A P | 1998 | Infection and Immunity1998，66，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Institutional aspects of regional planning,m anagement,and development:models and lessons from the English experience显示文摘 | G Lloyd | 1999 | Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design1999，26，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Musculoskeletal neoplasm:perioneoplastic edema versus tumor on dynamic postcontrast MR imaging with spatial mapping of instantaneous enhancement rates显示文摘 | Lang P Honda G Roberts T | 1995 | Radiology1995，197，： | 1 |
| 20 | Sensing and control for a small size helicopter显示文摘 | Buskey G Roberts J M Corke P | 2003 | Experimental Robotics2003，8，5： | 1 |
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