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| 1 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 2 | 改进医疗服务质量、确保病人安全的教学方法显示文摘提高医疗服务质量、确保病人安全是当前医学教育及培训面临的巨大挑战。今天的医生及医务工作者应具备良好的沟通能力,掌握如何在临床实践中鉴别、预防和处理不良事件及接近过失事件(nearmisses),如何使用当前获得的证据及相关信息,如何安全有效地在团队中工作,如何在实践中教授和学习病人安全知识,如何根据认可的伦理原则服务公众。 | Merrilyn M Walton Bruce H Barraclough Samantha A Van Staalduinen Susan L Elliott 段玉蓉(译) 张鸣明(审校) | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，9： | 7 |
| 3 | Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6~14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%~69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。 | Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 3 |
| 4 | Economic incentives for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control显示文摘 | Bruce A L Marc R | 1994 | Water Resources Bulletin1994，30，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Biotransformation of alkaoids显示文摘 | RAKALOIDS D A LISTER D L BRUCE N C | 2002 | Alkaloids chem Biol2002，，58： | 1 |
| 6 | Absorption of a- mino acids from the intestine and their netflux across the mesenteric -and portal -drained viscera of lambs显示文摘 | MACRAE J C BRUCE L A BROWN D S | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage 显示文摘 | Bruce P G Freunberger S A Hardwick L J | 2012 | Nat Mater2012，11，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Customer Loyalty Isn't Enough Grow Your Share of Wallet显示文摘 | Timothy L K Lerzan A Alexander Buoye Bruce Cooii | 2011 | Harvard Business Review2011，，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Influence of feeding unsaturated fats on growth and immune status of mice显示文摘 | Berger A Bruce G J Chiang B L | 1993 | Journal of Nutrition1993，123，： | 1 |
| 10 | Insect host location : a volatile situation 显示文摘 | Bruce T J A Wadhams L J Woodcock C M | 2005 | Trends in Plant Science2005，10，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Results of a 5 years multicenter collaborative study显示文摘 | Bruce L Flamm MD Lawrence A | 1990 | Obstet Gynecol1990，76，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Increased atherosclerosis in ApoE and LDL receptor gene knock-out mice as a result of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgene expression显示文摘 | Plump A S Masucci-Magoulas L Bruce C | 1999 | Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Bio11999，19，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Li-O2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage显示文摘 | Bruce P G Freunberger S A Hardwick L J | 2012 | Nature Materials2012，11，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Ineffectiveness of highdose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improv ing mortality in patients with septic shock显示文摘 | John M L Bruce A M James D M | 1988 | Am Rev Respir Dis1988，136，： | 1 |
| 15 | Levels of toxic metals in marine organisms collected from Southern California coastal waters 显示文摘 | Bruce A F Rimmon C F Richard L W | 1975 | Environmental Health Perspectives1975，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | Influence of root age on the concentration of ginsenosides of Americal ginseng 显示文摘 | Cour W A Bruce R L Hendel G J | 1996 | Can J Plant Sci1996，76，： | 1 |
| 17 | Brain activation and sexual arousal in healthy,heterosexual males显示文摘 | Bruce A John E Linda L | 2002 | Brain ProQuest Medical Library2002，125，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Insect host location:A volatile situation 显示文摘 | Bruce T J A Wadhams L J Woodcock C M | 2005 | Trends in Plant Sciences2005，10，： | 1 |
| 19 | The effect of a red leaf pigment on the relationship between red edge and chlorophyll concentration显示文摘 | Paul J Curran Jennifer L Dungan Bruce A Macler | 1991 | Remote Sensing of Environment1991，35，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Culture and stigma:Adding moral experience to stigma theory显示文摘 | Yang L H Kleinman A Bruce G Link | 2007 | Social Science&Medicine2007，64，7： | 1 |
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