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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and epigenetic changes during gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘The sequence of events associated with the development of gastric cancer has been described as 'the gastric precancerous cascade'. This cascade is a dynamic process that includes lesions, such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. According to this model, Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection targets the normal gastric mucosa causing non-atrophic gastritis, an initiating lesion that can be cured by clearing H. pylori with antibiotics or that may then linger in the case of chronic infection and progress to atrophic gastritis. The presence of virulence factors in the infecting H. pylori drives the carcinogenesis process. Independent epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed the sequential progression of these precancerous lesions. Particularly long-term follow-up studies estimated a risk of 0.1% for atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia and 6% in case of dysplasia for the long-term development of gastric cancer. With this in mind, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with progression of the cascade is critical in determining the risk of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. In this review, we will summarize some of the mostrelevant mechanisms and focus predominantly but not exclusively on the discussion of gene promoter methylation and mi RNAs in this context. | Manuel A Valenzuela Jimena Canales Alejandro H Corvalán Andrew FG Quest | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 33 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅷ.证据质量评价--间接性显示文摘直接证据来自直接比较我们关注的干预措施用于我们关注的患者人群,并测量患者重要结局的研究。间接证据可由以下4种方式之一产生。第一,患者可能与我们关注的患者不同(适用性一词常用于这类间接性)。第二,所检验的干预措施可能与我们关注的干预措施不同。有关患者和干预措施间接性的决策取决于对生物或社会因素差异是否大到可能使效应尺度出现预期的较大差异的考虑。第三,结果可能有别于最初设定的结局指标——如替代结果本身不重要,但测量之是基于替代结果的变化反映患者重要结局变化这一假设。第四类间接性在概念上与前三类不同,发生于临床医生必须在未经直接比较的两种干预措施间做出选择时。这种情况下比较治疗方案需要特定的统计方法,并根据患者人群、联合干预措施、结局测量指标及备选干预措施试验方法的差异程度,将证据级别降低1或2级。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Yngve Falck-Ytter Roman Jaeschke Gunn Vist Elie A.Akl Piet N Post Susan Norris Joerg Meerpohl Mona Nasser 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李鸿浩 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 30 |
| 3 | Management of adults with coarctation of aorta显示文摘Coarctation of the aorta(CoA)is a relatively common congenital cardiac defect often causing few symptoms and therefore can be challenging to diagnose.The hallmark finding on physical examination is upper extremity hypertension,and for this reason,CoA should be considered in any young hypertensive patient,justifying measurement of lower extremity blood pressure at least once in these individuals.The presence of a significant pressure gradient between the arms and legs is highly suggestive of the diagnosis.Early diagnosis and treatment are important as long-term data consistently demonstrate that patients with CoA have a reduced life expectancy and increased risk of cardiovascular complications.Surgical repair has traditionally been the mainstay of therapy for correction,although advances in endovascular technology with covered stents or stent grafts permit nonsurgical approaches for the management of older children and adults with native CoA and complications.Persistent hypertension and vascular dysfunction can lead to an increased risk of coronary disease,which,remains the greatest cause of long-term mortality.Thus,blood pressure control and periodic reassessment with transthoracic echocardiography and threedimensional imaging(computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance)for should be performed regularly as cardiovascular complications may occur decades after the intervention. | Pradyumna Agasthi Sai Harika Pujari Andrew Tseng Joseph N Graziano Francois Marcotte David Majdalany Farouk Mookadam Donald J Hagler Reza Arsanjani | 2020 | World Journal of Cardiology2020，12，5： | 8 |
| 4 | Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling显示文摘It is well known that the entanglement of a quantum state is invariant under local unitary transformations.This rule dictates,for example,that the entanglement of internal degrees of freedom of a photon remains invariant during free-space propagation.Here,we outline a scenario in which this paradigm does not hold.Using local Bell states engineered from classical vector vortex beams with non-separable degrees of freedom,the so-called classically entangled states,we demonstrate that the entanglement evolves during propagation,oscillating between maximally entangled(purely vector)and product states(purely scalar).We outline the spin–orbit interaction behind these novel propagation dynamics and confirm the results experimentally,demonstrating spin–orbit coupling in paraxial beams.This demonstration highlights a hitherto unnoticed property of classical entanglement and simultaneously offers a device for the on-demand delivery of vector states to targets,for example,for dynamic laser materials processing,switchable resolution within stimulated emission depletion(STED)systems,and a tractor beam for entanglement. | Eileen Otte Carmelo Rosales-Guzmán Bienvenu Ndagano Cornelia Denz Andrew Forbes | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Refining pathological evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus显示文摘AIM:To assess tumour regression grade(TRG)and lymph node downstaging to help define patients who benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS:Two hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction treated with surgery alone or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery between 2005and 2011 at a single institution were reviewed.Triplet neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of platinum,fluoropyrimidine and anthracycline was considered for operable patients(World Health Organization performance status≤2)with clinical stage T2-4 N0-1.Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)was assessed using TRG,as described by Mandard et al.In addition lymph node downstaging was also assessed.Lymph node downstaging was defined by cN1 at diagnosis:assessed radiologically(computed tomography,positron emission tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography),then pathologically recorded as N0 after surgery;ypN0 if NAC given prior to surgery,or pN0if surgery alone.Patients were followed up for 5 years post surgery.Recurrence was defined radiologically,with or without pathological confirmation.An association was examined between t TRG and lymph node downstaging with disease free survival(DFS)and a comprehensive range of clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS:Two hundred and eighteen patients underwent esophageal resection during the study interval with a mean follow up of 3 years(median follow up:2.552,95%CI:2.022-3.081).There was a 1.8%(n=4)inpatient mortality rate.One hundred and thirty-six(62.4%)patients received NAC,with 74.3%(n=101)of patients demonstrating some signs of pathological tumour regression(TRG 1-4)and 5.9%(n=8)having a complete pathological response.Forty four point one percent(n=60)had downstaging of their nodal disease(cN1 to ypN0),compared to only 15.9%(n=13)that underwent surgery alone(pre-operatively overstaged:cN1 to pN0),(P<0.0001).Response to NAC was associated with significantly increased DFS(mean DFS;TRG 1-2:5.1years,95%CI:4.6-5.6 vs TRG 3-5:2.8 years,95%CI:2.2-3.3,P<0.0001).Nodal down-staging conferred a significant DFS advantage for those patients with a poor primary tumour response to NAC(median DFS;TRG 3-5 and nodal down-staging:5.533 years,95%CI:3.558-7.531 vs TRG 3-5 and no nodal down-staging:1.114 years,95%CI:0.961-1.267,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Response to NAC in the primary tumour and in the lymph nodes are both independently associated with improved DFS. | Fergus Noble Luke Nolan Adrian C Bateman James P Byrne Jamie J Kelly Ian S Bailey Donna M Sharland Charlotte N Rees Timothy J Iveson Tim J Underwood Andrew R Bateman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 4 |
| 6 | Update on Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections and Their Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Larry M. Baddour Andrew E. Epstein Christopher C. Erickson Bradley P. Knight Matthew E. Levison Peter B. Lockhart Frederick A. Masoudi Eric J. Okum Walter R. Wilson Lee B. Beerman Ann F. Bolger N A. Mark Estes Michael Gewitz Jane W. Newburger Eleanor B. S | 2010 | Circulation2010，，3： | 4 |
| 7 | Randomised controlled trial comparing modified Sano's and narrow band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classifications for colorectal lesions显示文摘AIM To assess the utility of modified Sano′s(MS) vs thenarrow band imaging international colorectal endoscopic(NICE) classification in differentiating colorectal polyps.METHODS Patients undergoing colonoscopy between 2013 and 2015 were enrolled in this trial.Based on the MS or the NICE classifications,patients were randomised for real-time endoscopic diagnosis.This was followed by biopsies,endoscopic or surgical resection.The endoscopic diagnosis was then compared to the final(blinded) histopathology.The primary endpoint was the sensitivity(Sn),specificity(Sp),positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) of differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps(MSⅡ/Ⅱo/Ⅲa/Ⅲb vs I or NICE 1 vs 2/3).The secondary endpoints were 'endoscopic resectability'(MSⅡ/Ⅱo/Ⅲa vs Ⅰ/Ⅲb or NICE 2 vs 1/3),NPV for diminutive distal adenomas and prediction of post-polypectomy surveillance intervals.RESULTS A total of 348 patients were evaluated.The Sn,Sp,PPV and NPV in differentiating neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic polyps were,98.9%,85.7%,98.2% and 90.9% for MS;and 99.1%,57.7%,95.4% and 88.2% for NICE,respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) for MS was 0.92(95%CI:0.86-0.98);and AUC for NICE was 0.78(95%CI:0.69,0.88).The Sn,Sp,PPV and NPV in predicting 'endoscopic resectability' were 98.9%,86.1%,97.8% and 92.5% for MS;and 98.6%,66.7%,94.7% and 88.9% for NICE,respectively.The AUC for MS was 0.92(95%CI:0.87-0.98);and the AUC for NICE was 0.83(95%CI:0.75-0.90).The AUC values were statistically different for both comparisons(P = 0.0165 and P = 0.0420,respectively).The accuracy for diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp(SSA/P) with high confidence utilizing MS classification was 93.2%.The differentiation of SSA/P from other lesions achieved Sp,Sn,PPV and NPV of 87.2%,91.5%,89.6% and 98.6%,respectively.The NPV for predicting adenomas in diminutive rectosigmoid polyps(n = 150) was 96.6% and 95% with MS and NICE respectively.The calculated accuracy of post-polypectomy surveillance for MS group was 98.2%(167 out of 170) and for NICE group was 92.1%(139 out of 151).CONCLUSION The MS classification outperformed the NICE classification in differentiating neoplastic polyps and predicting endoscopic resectability.Both classifications met ASGE PIVI thresholds. | Leonardo Zorrón Cheng Tao Pu Kuan Loong Cheong Doreen Siew Ching Koay Sze Pheh Yeap Amanda Ovenden Mahima Raju Andrew Ruszkiewicz Philip W Chiu James Y Lau Rajvinder Singh | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2018，10，9： | 4 |
| 8 | 知证卫生决策工具之一--什么是知证决策显示文摘本文讨论以下3个问题:①什么是证据?②研究证据在知证卫生决策中有何作用?③什么是知证决策?知证卫生决策是一种决策方法,旨在保证基于最佳可及的研究证据做出决策。知证决策的特点是将系统、透明地获取和评价证据的方法引入决策全过程。虽不要求制定政策的整个过程系统和透明,但在制定政策的全过程,采用系统的步骤可以确保合理地查找、评价和使用相关研究。过程透明化旨在确保他人可以检查什么样的研究证据被用于支持决策并评价证据及其意义。知证决策帮助政策制定者了解这些过程。 | Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李媛媛 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，3： | 4 |
| 9 | A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Stephen S Lim Theo Vos Abraham D Flaxman Goodarz Danaei Kenji Shibuya Heather Adair-Rohani Mohammad A AlMazroa Markus Amann H Ross Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Martin Aryee Charles Atkinson Loraine J Bacchus Adil N Bahalim Kalpana Balakrishnan John Balmes S | 2012 | 2012 (9859)2012，，9859： | 3 |
| 10 | Combination of corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates or corticosteroids alone for patients with moderate-severe active ulcerative colitis:A global survey of physicians'practice显示文摘AIM To examine treatment decisions of gastroenterologists regarding the choice of prescribing 5-aminosalycilates(5ASA) with corticosteroids(CS) versus corticosteroids alone for patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire exploring physicians' attitude toward 5ASA + CS combination therapy vs CS alone was developed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to gastroenterology experts in twelve countries in five continents. Respondents' agreement with stated treatment choices were assessed by standardized Likert scale. Background professional characteristics of respondents were analyzed for correlation with responses. RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-four questionnaires were distributed and 349 received(52.6% response rate). Of 340 eligible respondents, 221(65%) would continue 5ASA in a patient hospitalized for intravenous CS treatment due to a moderate-severe UC flare, while 108(32%) would stop the 5ASA(P < 0.001), and 11(3%) are undecided. Similarly, 62% would continue 5ASA in an out-patient starting oral CS. However, only 140/340(41%) would proactively start 5ASA in a hospitalized patient not receiving 5ASA before admission. Most(94%) physicians consider the safety profile of 5ASA as very good. Only 52% consider them inexpensive, 35% perceive them to be expensive and 12% are undecided. On multi-variable analysis, less years of practice and perception of a plausible additive mechanistic effect of 5ASA + CS were positively associated with the decision to continue 5ASA with CS. CONCLUSION Despite the absence of data supporting its benefit, most gastroenterologists endorse combination of 5ASA + CS for patients with active moderate-to-severe UC. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess if 5ASA confer any benefit for these patients. | Shomron Ben-Horin Jane M Andrews Konstantinos H Katsanos Florian Rieder Flavio Steinwurz Konstantinos Karmiris Jae Hee Cheon Gordon William Moran Monica Cesarini Christian D Stone Doron Schwartz Marijana Protic Xavier Roblin Giulia Roda Min-Hu Chen Ofir Har-Noy Charles N Bernstein | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 3 |
| 11 | Defining pelvic-radiation disease for the survivorship era显示文摘 | H Jervoise N Andreyev Andrew Wotherspoon James W Denham Martin Hauer-Jensen | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Melena:A rare complication of duodenal metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung显示文摘Small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung are very uncommon and occur usually in patients with terminal stage disease. These metastases are usually asymptomatic, but may present as perforation, obstruction, malabsorption, or hemorrhage. Hemorrhage as a first presentation of small bowel metastases is extremely rare and is related to very poor patient survival. We describe a case of a 61- year old patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, presenting with melena as the first manifestation of small bowel metastasis. Both primary tumor and metastatic lesions were diagnosed almost simultaneously. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed with a colonoscope revealed active bleeding from a metastatic tumor involving the duodenum and the proximal jejunum. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy specimen strongly supported the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting that small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung occur usually in patients with terminal disease and rarely produce symptoms. Gastrointestinal bleeding from metastatic small intestinal lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal blood loss in a patient with a known bronchogenic tumor. | Chrysoula Kostakou Lubna Khaldi Andrew Flossos Andreas N Kapsoritakis Spiros P Potamianos | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，8： | 2 |
| 13 | Blood pressure changes during transient myocardial ischemia:insights into mechanisms显示文摘 | REHMAN A ZALOS G ANDREWS N P | 1997 | J Am Coll Cardiol1997，30，5： | 2 |
| 14 | Evaluation of sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass显示文摘Background:Depending on tree and site characteristics crown biomass accounts for a significant portion of the total aboveground biomass in the tree.Crown biomass estimation is useful for different purposes including evaluating the economic feasibility of crown utilization for energy production or forest products,fuel load assessments and fire management strategies,and wildfire modeling.However,crown biomass is difficult to predict because of the variability within and among species and sites.Thus the allometric equations used for predicting crown biomass should be based on data collected with precise and unbiased sampling strategies.In this study,we evaluate the performance different sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass and to evaluate the effect of sample size in estimating crown biomass.Methods:Using data collected from 20 destructively sampled trees,we evaluated 11 different sampling strategies using six evaluation statistics:bias,relative bias,root mean square error(RMSE),relative RMSE,amount of biomass sampled,and relative biomass sampled.We also evaluated the performance of the selected sampling strategies when different numbers of branches(3,6,9,and 12)are selected from each tree.Tree specific log linear model with branch diameter and branch length as covariates was used to obtain individual branch biomass.Results:Compared to all other methods stratified sampling with probability proportional to size estimation technique produced better results when three or six branches per tree were sampled.However,the systematic sampling with ratio estimation technique was the best when at least nine branches per tree were sampled.Under the stratified sampling strategy,selecting unequal number of branches per stratum produced approximately similar results to simple random sampling,but it further decreased RMSE when information on branch diameter is used in the design and estimation phases.Conclusions:Use of auxiliary information in design or estimation phase reduces the RMSE produced by a sampling strategy.However,this is attained by having to sample larger amount of biomass.Based on our finding we would recommend sampling nine branches per tree to be reasonably efficient and limit the amount of fieldwork. | Krishna P Poudel Hailemariam Temesgen Andrew N Gray | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，1： | 2 |
| 15 | 知证卫生决策工具--导论显示文摘了解如何查找和使用研究证据可以帮助政策制定者及其决策支持者们更优质高效地工作。本系列的每篇文章各推荐一种方法,政策制定者及其决策支持者们可采用这些方法查找和使用证据进行知证卫生决策。本系列文章涉及四个宽泛领域:①支持知证决策;②确定政策制定三个阶段的证据需求,这三个阶段包括:明确问题、拟订方案和制订实施计划;③寻找并评价这三阶段所需证据,包括系统评价和其它类型证据;④根据研究证据进行决策。每篇文章都由1~3个与主题相关的案例情景引出,用于帮助读者在使用SUPPORT工具时判断自己所属的情况。本系列绝大部分文章都以结构化提出系列问题的方式,引导读者了解推荐工具,并展示如何采取措施更优质高效地支持知证决策。这些措施包括:利用研究证据明确问题;评价针对该问题所选系统评价中结果的适用性;组织和开展政策对话以支持知证决策;制定政策监测和评估计划。部分文章所提出的问题对如何支持知证决策提供了更通用的指导,每篇文章后面还附有其他相关信息资源。评估支持知证卫生决策方法是一个正在发展的领域,欢迎读者对怎样改进本系列文章提供反馈信息。 | John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 沈建通 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，3： | 2 |
| 16 | 知证卫生决策工具之三--设定优先顺序支持知证决策显示文摘决策者开展或支持知证决策与项目的资源有限。所需资源包括员工的工作时间、员工开展工作的基础设施(如电子图书馆的使用权限或购买期刊文章)和不断更新专业知识。决策者们也许更愿意将这样的工作承包给具备恰当技能和设施的独立机构,但决策者的资金有限。不管为知证决策提供的支持来自外部还是内部,是集中还是分散,资源都需要合理最大化利用。不恰当设定优先次序的例子包括:①采取逐个评价个案的方式支持知证决策制定时间进度表,而不是为每一个时间进度表提供明确规范的支持力度;②优先次序设定的标准含糊不清;尤其设定优先次序的过程不清楚或不系统不准确;③无交流和监测评价计划。本文提出用于指导在查找和使用研究证据支持知证决策的过程中如何设定优先次序的问题,包括:①设定优先次序的方法可否明确地为以不同方式解决最优先问题制定时间表?②该方法是否采用了设定优先次序的清晰标准?③该方法是否采用了设定优先次序的清晰流程?④该方法是否采用了交流策略和监测与评估计划? | John N Lavis Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 袁强 陈群飞 蒋兰慧 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization reduces rebleeding in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Despite the improvement in the endoscopic hemostasis of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB),rebleeding remains a major concern.AIM To assess the role of prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization(PTAE)added to successful hemostatic treatment among NVUGIB patients.METHODS We searched three databases from inception through October 19th,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational cohort studies were eligible.Studies compared patients with NVUGIB receiving PTAE to those who did not get PTAE.Investigated outcomes were rebleeding,mortality,reintervention,need for surgery and transfusion,length of hospital(LOH),and intensive care unit(ICU)stay.In the quantitative synthesis,odds ratios(ORs)and weighted mean differences(WMDs)were calculated with the random-effects model and interpreted with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 3 RCTs and 9 observational studies with a total of 1329 patients,with 486 in the intervention group.PTAE was associated with lower odds of rebleeding(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.29–0.78).There was no difference in the 30-d mortality rates(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.39–1.72)between the PTAE and control groups.Patients who underwent PTAE treatment had a lower chance for reintervention(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.31–0.76)or rescue surgery(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.14–0.92).The LOH and ICU stay was shorter in the PTAE group,but the difference was non-significant[WMD=-3.77,95%CI:(-8.00)–0.45;WMD=-1.33,95%CI:(-2.84)–0.18,respectively].CONCLUSION PTAE is associated with lower odds of rebleeding and any reintervention in NVUGIB.However,further RCTs are needed to have a higher level of evidence. | Eszter Boros Zoltán Sipos Péter Hegyi Brigitta Teutsch Levente Frim Szilárd Váncsa Szabolcs Kiss FanniDembrovszky Eduard Oštarijaš Andrew Shawyer Bálint Erőss | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 2 |
| 18 | 知证卫生决策工具之十一--查找和使用当地证据显示文摘当地证据是指来源于卫生政策或卫生项目所涉及的特定环境的证据。需要这类证据与其它形式的证据共同支持方案决择。全球证据是判断政策效果及其影响因素和深入了解问题解决办法的最佳出发点。而当地证据大多数是在判断应采纳哪些决定及采取哪些措施时使用。本文提出以下5个问题供政策制定者在识别和评价当地证据进行知证决策时参考:①知证决策需要什么样的当地证据?②如何获得必需的当地证据?③如何评价现有当地证据的质量?④当地证据的可获得性、质量或结果是否有重要变化?⑤如何整合当地证据与其他信息? | Simon Lewin Andrew D Oxman John N Lavis Atle Fretheim Sebastian Garcia Marti Susan Munabi-Babigumira 李幼平 王莉 成岚 蒋兰慧 蔡羽嘉 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，4： | 2 |
| 19 | Tetralogy of Fallot显示文摘 | Christian Apitz Gary D Webb Andrew N Redington | 2009 | 2009 (9699)2009，，9699： | 2 |
| 20 | 知证卫生决策工具之十三--准备和使用政策简报支持知证决策显示文摘政策简报是一个相对较新的为决策者打包研究证据的方法。政策简报的第一步就是设定政策问题的优先顺序,然后收集与问题各种特征相关的各方面研究证据。利用可得到的系统评价可使收集证据的过程可行且合理;若无系统评价,可查找单个相关研究并根据需考虑问题的特征合并单个研究。本文提供以下问题供准备和使用政策简报支持知证决策者参考:①该政策简报是否解决一个高度优先问题,并描述了该问题的相关背景?②该政策简报是否描述了用于解决该问题各方案的问题、成本和效果及实施时需考虑的关键问题?③该政策简报是否用系统、透明的方法查找、筛选及评价合成的研究证据?④在讨论合成的研究证据时,该政策简报是否考虑了证据的质量、当地适用性及公平性?⑤该政策简报是否使用分级进入格式?⑥是否对该政策简报的科学质量和系统相关性进行了评价? | John N Lavis Govin Permanand Andrew D Oxman Simon Lewin Atle Fretheim 李幼平 李玲 蒋兰慧 文进 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，5： | 2 |
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